As learnt from the last lesson, 2 of the 3 subatomic particles have charges.
- The proton has a relative charge of +1.
- The neutron has a relative charge of 0.
- The electron has a relative charge of -1.
The atomic nucleus can undergo changes by changing the number of protons and neutrons.
- The atomic nucleus can undergo nuclear fusion or nuclear fission. This can cause the nucleus to change into a completely different element or isotope depending on the process.
- Do take note that the difference between all elements is just the number of protons. So, an atomic nucleus can change into a different element after gaining or losing protons and neutrons.
The process of combining an atomic nucleus with other nuclei is called nuclear fusion. This process can be found in the core of the Sun to generate energy. Nuclear fusion usually occurs with smaller and lighter nuclei.
The process of splitting an atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei is called nuclear fission. This process can be found in nuclear power plants and nuclear bombs to generate an immense amount of energy. Nuclear fission usually occurs with more massive nuclei.

5.02 - Atomic Nucleus

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